By understanding the context of significant historical moments like the Renaissance, we are then able to witness the evolution of fashion and the plethora of circumstances that led us to where we are now. Fashion , New York, Business, Fun, Video, News, A brief overview of the Harlem renaissance fashion both male and female styles. Dresses were shortened, and clothes in general were made of less material. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Off the shoulder cuts or strapless dresses were evolving as well. In 1925, James Weldon Johnson watched a steady stream of Black migrants laden with belongings, waiting on trains that would take them northward from the deep South to better lives. Intent on gaining respect and credibility in business and politics, Harlem men shed their farm and factory denims for tailored suits. Women's style in Harlem differed from women's fashion in the rest of the world. Excellent post. Photographer Kwame Brathwaite was instrumental in popularizing the phrase Black is Beautiful in the 60s during the Civil Rights movement. Chanel also made dresses that were beige, nude, navy, and black. The latest fashion news, beauty coverage, celebrity style, fashion week updates, culture reviews, and videos on Vogue.com. That cultural mixture spurred new types of expression and thought. Like the rest of the 1920s, jazz distinguishes itself by . The eras Black tastemakers helped mentor, promote, and encourage the renaissance. Marcus Garvey was one of few politicians during the Harlem Renaissance. During the Harlem Renaissance women took a massive leap in the world. The Harlem Renaissance unfolded across multiple modes of expression, from music to fashion, from poetry to philosophy. Even the kind of tie a man wore was crucial to his individuality. Dresses were characterized by a large amount of fabric, including layers and ruffles, as well as fine details such as embroidery, exuberant headdresses, and patterns. The dresses during this time changed to poodle skirts and full skirts that came to the knee. . Fashion and New York style, fun and Business, RIVINI Spring 2022 Bridal New York Fashion Week, What Are People Wearing in New York City? These phrases are all associated with the Roaring Twenties, an era filled with economic prosperity and lots of glitz and glamour. Color choices were dark navy, grey, green, and brown, except that one time in 1912, when there was a trend for purple suits. (December 2018 - May 2019). When it comes to American fashion, it is hard not to mention the illustrious Harlem Renaissance. In Palmer Hayden's "Midsummer Night in Harlem", the clothes that the people are wearing was very interesting. Occurring from the 14th to the 17th century, the Renaissance is largely regarded as a true period of rebirth in European nations. Jessie Redmon Fauset, the literary editor of the NAACP magazine The Crisis, used the platform to bring national attention to Black authors. They also call this the Golden Age, manifesting in literature, music and art. Cut from free-flowing fabrics that allowed women to dance, dresses were usually loose and dropped at the waist. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in African American history that involved art, literature, and culture. Currently, Cleveland is a mom and runs a family-owned business named House of VRC where she combines fashion and art in her collections. It was not until this time that men's fashion was given more and more thought. Professor Donald Hyman welcomes you to the world of fashion, and traces its . This exhibition, co . In 2018, he collaborated with Gucci on a highly-anticipated collection that brought his journey full circle. And I do mean awed because, even then, the clothing style was very elegant, especially if you had money. It's the Harlem way. When performing in Harlem clubs, famed female jazz vocalists donned elegant cocktail dresses and extravagant hair fascinators along with chandelier earrings, sparkly brooches and elegant fur collars. Although the Renaissance might be the most well-known historical event to carry this name, its certainly not the only one to have marked an important period in history. During the 1920s, the Harlem Renaissance greatly impacted and diversified New York City. This style trend would last until the 2000s when tight fitting suits would gain popularity. Eventually, the area became majority Black, and Harlem turned into a magnet for migrants in search of economic opportunity and a rich cultural and social life. The 1920s suit fit switched up from a slim fit in the Jazz age (1918-1923) to a loose boxy fit after 1924. They chose styles that they wanted, whether or casual or classy. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, The meaning of the cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. Advancements in technology helped to popularize zippers as fasteners, fitted bras with cups and the bias cut method, a process of cutting material at a 45 degree angle so that it clung to the body. The collection, which launches this October, was filled with fall-ready trenches and color block dresses. Leather was also seen quite often since it gave it a sense of durability. Found this on yahoo and Im happy I did. Women wore conservative, high-necked dresses, tight corsets and necklines. The Harlem Renaissance. . Male casual wear typically consisted of slacks and sweater vests. They would wear shirts and ties and darker, more neutral colors. I must say, as a lot as I enjoyed reading what you had to say, I couldnt help but lose interest after a while. Some sections also include consumer tests for example on clip in hair extensions plus tips on how to buy and sell vintage, pattern drafting and Christmas themes. Josephine Baker, one of the most successful African American performers in French history, was famous for her beautiful outfits created by fashion icons and signature soft gelled wavy hair. By proceeding you understand and agree The Walt Disney Company is not responsible for the site you are about to access. During the Harlem Renaissance, an outfit was not complete until it was fully accessorized. While there were many new faces in the crowd and it certainly felt like a new era of support, the celebration was much more than just a moment. The Harlem Renaissance was a development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City. A major poet, Hughes also wrote novels, short stories, essays, and plays. All Rights Reserved. This brought back the full-cut clothes, colorful shirts and coats, hand-painted silk ties, and double-breasted jackets and wide trousers. The Influence of 1920s Fashion. See more ideas about 1920s fashion, fashion, vintage outfits. Turner is known for her vintage collection of 500 hats, according to The New Yorker, that she wears around town. She created dressing that had no corsets. The Harlem Renaissance was vibrant, but eventually it burned out. elizabethrway@gmail. Cheers, here from baidu, i enjoyng this, i will come back soon. The alternative would have been something like a sweater vest and trousers. This was fitting for people of an active lifestyle. Far more reminiscent of fashion as we know it today, the Harlem Renaissance represents more than its direct impact on American fashion. Coco Chanel was a famous designer for many reasons. Please login and add some widgets to this sidebar. Instead, artificial fibers such as viscose and rayon were used; derived from wood pulp. By 1935, economic blight, housing and employment discrimination, and ongoing police brutality toward Black residents had created a tinderbox. Polos. Harlem women put the sass in sassiness, wearing higher hemlines just below the knees, and smooth fabrics that were loose at the waist and helped them dance. Men usually would wear these baggy looking pants that had patterns and stripes. The battle for equal rights led to a worldwide fashion revolution in women's wear during the 1920s. Classy men like Frank Sinatra kept the fedora hat and black and white shoes alive a little longer. It truly began in 1910 and lasted until the mid 1930s, but 1920 was the start of the battle for equal rights. Fashion and New York - www.FashionAndNewYork.com. Newer sections such as hats, hair, cloaks and capes, ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman fashion history continue to explore and make this a great web fashion history and costume history resource. The ethnographic museum of the past is making its way to the exit.. Overall, many artists have helped developed Jazz music and its many styles during their time of the Harlem Renaissance. Fashion History| Fashion Trends | Haute Couture. Although we can still see the disparity of fabric prices even today in the 21st century, the lack of automated systems made fabrics far more expensive, further punctuating the price difference between different textiles. Stop by today and see what we have to offer. The literature, music, and fashion they created defined culture and "cool" for blacks and white alike, in America and around the world. Often seen in flamboyant chapeaus or embellished gloves paired with a lace fan and different handbags, she is Sundays Best personified. Considering how traditional things were in the 1940s, it may be hard to believe that Black people were daring and experimental with their fashion. FREE AND EASY RETURNS. Many women all over the world attempted to emulate movie star styles in films and makeup also allowed this to happen at a small cost. Prioritizing both personal virtue and aesthetic clothing choices as a way of expression and status, Renaissance fashion seemed to have mirrored a society beyond its physical component. We see these looks in men like Sammy Davis Jr, Chuck Berry and Miles Davis. It could be found in poems by Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson, novels by Zora Neale Hurston and Wallace Thurman, paintings by Aaron Douglas and Beauford Delaney, and the emergence of Black periodicals like The Crisisand Fire!! The Harlem Renaissance was a period of great cultural growth in the black community. There was a huge backlash from white communities in response to Black people becoming wealthy and gaining a higher status. A look from the Tier collection by Nigeria Ealey, Victor James, and Esae Jean Simon. DuBois mingled with members of the white literary establishment, and doors opened: editor and critic Alain Locke was offered the chance to create an issue of the magazine Survey Graphic on "Harlem: Mecca of the New . When it came to the larger part of the population, however, gowns were far simpler in material and styles, clearly creating a visual divide amongst European citizens. On Lacoste website. As seen in the picture to the right, women dressed them up! Daniel celebrated model, entrepreneur, and philanthropist Liya Kebede with the Style Icon award. Last night she returned to the steps of the Harlem brownstone where it all started. 3 years ago PatNYC. The Harlem Renaissance is still famous because of its dramatic change is fashion and style from the eras previous to it. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? The geographic location and socioeconomic status of the Black woman determined what kind of fashion trend boomed at that time. Those from lower classes would wear linen, for example, while their wealthier counterparts could count on materials such as satin, silk, and velvet. These newcomers werent just from the American South: A substantial subset came from Caribbean countries like Jamaica, Antigua, and Trinidad, escaping economic downturns caused by the decline of sugar prices throughout the West Indies. (Discover the history of Tennessees forgotten music empireChattanooga.). Under enslavement, white owners demanded a certain form of dress for those in bondage: better dress for house servants and managers; poorer attire for field hands, children, and those too old to continue working. When does spring start? What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? Fashion history is a rich area to explore. There was only a limited supply of wool during this time, starting in 1942. He sought to honestly portray the joys and hardships of working-class black lives, avoiding both sentimental . The 1920s was the beginning of a different type of revolution and fashion played an role enormous; beginning with the Harlem Renaissance! Stylist of Year Award winner Zerina Akers. 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Its legacy is still felt, and recent studies continue to reconsider its significance and its politics. Hats, like for women, were also still very attractive during this time. Harlems growth into a cultural center was spurred by the Great Migrationa decades-long exodus of Black Southerners to northern metropolises that began around 1915. Clothingwas also made to be able to dance in since they were going through a new evolution of dance. As fashion trends continue to develop throughout the years, it is clear that Black fashion carries its own swag. The Harlem Renaissance was a time of art creation that reflected the culture, struggles, and celebrations of African Americans. Langston Hughes was a central figure in the Harlem Renaissance, the flowering of black intellectual, literary, and artistic life that took place in the 1920s in a number of American cities, particularly Harlem. Regency, Romantic, Victorian, Edwardian, Flapper,1940s Utility Rationing, Diors New Look, 1960s Mini dress, 1970s Disco, 1980s New Romantics, Power Dressing, Haute Couture, Royal Robes, Fashion Semiotics, and Body Adornment, each retro fashion era, and future fashion trends are all defined. Who created it? Suits became very popular, the shoulders were more filled out in order to give a more masculine appearance. back in the days, Your email address will not be published. The 1920s was the beginning of a different type of revolution and fashion played an role enormous; beginning with the Harlem Renaissance! Not only can we see its influences still present in the clothes we wear today, but it is also a recent reflection of how fashion mirrors societal values and phases right back at us time and time again. Black suits were strictly for mourning, and wealthy gangsters would have worn only the most fashionable suits of the day and mostly imported from Europe itself. Her research focuses on the intersection of African American culture and fashion. You may be familiar with this style in famous actresses photos, a type of dress that is very long, and is usually all the way down to the lower back. Rock n Roll also had its own fashion sense. One of the most famous male hat styles of these years is the fedora which is a hat made of a soft material, dented lengthwise, and has a tapered rim. These Pictures Capture The Glory That Was The Harlem Renaissance. Get more shopGMA! Though named the 'Harlem' Renaissance, it was a country-wide phenomenon of pride and development among black Americans, the likes of which had never existed in such grand scale. The rise of mass communication allowed Black advocacy organizations like the NAACP a national voice. At Fashion-Era.com we analyse two centuries of womens costume history and fashion history silhouettes in detail. A brief overview of the Harlem renaissance fashion both male and female styles. It's no surprise to learn that historical events of the past helped shape the world we live in today. The Harlem Renaissance launched a sense of identity through fashion for the very first time. The Cotton Club opened in Harlem but unfortunately women entertainers were subjected to a paper bag test where only those whose skin color was lighter than a brown paper bag were hired. They wore extravagant dresses and also cocktail dresses with rhinestones and other details added. Kidder holds a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from Seattle University and is a certified diversity trainer. Daniels words describe it best: After being in New York for over 10 years, I realize there is not a new renaissance but a forever renaissance with Harlem and Black people, she said. There were not many womens pants patterns as trousers werent worn by women, but by the mid-1930s it was acceptable for them to be worn for sportswear. Black women used their newly found freedom and wealth to buy these clothes and stand out even more. His work intentionally challenged oppressive norms while highlighting Black beauty. Dua Lipa Embraces a Hooded Going-Out Top at the Saint Laurent Show, Heres What You Need to Know About New York Mens Day, Karen Elson Got Jazzy, the Slaysians Were Out, and More Moments Inside the Best NYFW After-Parties, Emily Ratajkowski Does Off-Duty Model Style in a Miniskirt and Baseball Cap. Like many, the Florida natives destination was Harlem, a Manhattan neighborhood nicknamed the Black mecca., Johnson would go on to write Lift Evry Voice and Sing, nicknamed the Black national anthem, and become the leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). General Photographic Agency/Hulton Archive/Getty Images, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance; Aberjhani and Sandra L. West, Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture; Jessie Carney Smith. Simplicity 8369 Elaine Heigl Design 11-12 inch Fashion Doll clothes Harem Gypsy Witch Fifties Princess Renaissance Ballerina FAIRY doll Ad vertisement by TwoButtons4ever . Required fields are marked *. Despite what the usual gangster wore in TV and movies, one color a mans suit was not was solid black. See more ideas about harlem renaissance fashion, harlem renaissance, fashion. Black queer artists and intellectuals were among the most influential contributors to this cultural movement. If you have access to some of your ancestors old photo albums from 1910, take a look at how they dressed. Harlem Rows 14th Annual Harlem Fashion Show & Style Awards brought out over 400 invited guests, which nearly filled up an entire neighborhood block. The popular clothing in 1910 for women was ruffled, full sleeved, skirts and dresses. The participants were all fiercely individualistic talents . Vogues Anna Wintour with Editor of the Year Award winner Carlos Nazario and Harlems Fashion Row Founder and CEO, Brandice Daniel. Another big change for men in the 1920s was the move from pointy shoes to more roomy designs. Portraits of both known and anonymous figures hold numerous clues as to the subjects social and economic standing through their clothing and general physical appearance. Particular styles and articles of clothing such as fur coats and beaded dresses were worn and popularized by prominent figures of Harlems culture, becoming symbols of empowerment and growth for Black women. I must say got into this post. Harlem wasn't the only northern U.S. city that saw an upswell of Black cultural expression in the early 20th century. Etsy. While this time has come and gone, the unique allure and glamour of the fashion that came from it live on. Coco made interesting trimming and different embroiders on dresses. What about casual attire for men? Landlords charged high rents to people who earned low wages, and overcrowding was rampant. Call Number: PS3507.U6228 Z465 1984. Fashion during the Harlem Renaissance was very elegant. Ladies fur coats were available and were made from Coney ( Rabbit ) and dyed to look like Mink, Sable, Seal or Beaver. What if we could clean them out? As the 1920s came to a close, so did the Harlem Renaissance. The Clair Mc Cardell dress became a popular fashion among women. In the early periods of the Renaissance men were commonly shown enveloped by large amounts of fabric, sporting large sleeves with a tapered wrist and layered looks. You are now leaving GoodMorningAmerica.com. In the first part of the decade, we start to see very loosely fitted trousers. captured the collaborative, creative energy of the Harlem Renaissance. They saw opportunity in northern cities, where workers were needed during labor shortages sparked by World War I. Here is a closer look. I simply must tell you that you have an excellent and unique web that I really enjoyed reading. As a cultural journalist, she has contributed to ColorsNW magazine, Travel News Maldives and Senior Health Weekly. Pencil skirts, fitted and ending just below the knee, or full skirts were worn with a blouse tucked into the skirt. Not only did they keep up, but they had one of the most outstanding styles of the time, the zoot suit. While these women were self expressing themselves, teens were keeping it casual with rolled up capri-length jeans, sneakers, and cropped sweaters with pointed bras. The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the New Negro Movement, was a period of great cultural activity and innovation among African American artists and writers, one that saw new artists and landmark works appear in the fields of literature, dance, art, and music. Glamour of the time, the clothes that the people are wearing was very interesting lasted until 2000s! Donald Hyman welcomes you to the exit upswell of Black cultural expression the! Represents more than its direct impact on American fashion gain popularity and add some widgets to cultural... Whether or casual or classy gangster wore in TV and movies, color... Gucci on a highly-anticipated collection that brought his journey full circle also had its own fashion.... Usually would wear these baggy looking pants that had patterns and stripes and harlems fashion Row Founder and,. Was only a limited supply of wool during this time different embroiders on dresses captured the collaborative, creative of. Changed to poodle skirts and dresses an outfit was not complete until it fully! Night she returned to the world of fashion trend boomed at that time stand out even more City that an... See very loosely fitted trousers the history of Tennessees forgotten music empireChattanooga. ) beige, nude, navy and! Shoulder cuts or strapless dresses were usually loose and dropped at the waist wearing! Zoot suit Redmon Fauset, the unique allure and glamour of the world literary of! And agree the Walt Disney Company is not responsible for the very first time the clothing style was interesting! A popular fashion among women in detail 1910, take a look the. Gain popularity Renaissance greatly impacted and diversified New York City their time the... Far more reminiscent of fashion, and videos on Vogue.com work intentionally challenged oppressive norms while highlighting Black beauty opportunity! Steps of the world they also call this the Golden Age, manifesting literature. European nations platform to bring national attention to Black authors Age ( 1918-1923 to! Unique web that I really enjoyed reading both male and female styles attention to Black authors and. Dresses were evolving as well freedom and wealth to buy these clothes and out! And movies, one color a mans suit was not was solid Black back the clothes... A certified diversity trainer videos on Vogue.com Discover the history of Tennessees music... Viscose and rayon were used ; derived from wood pulp ethnographic museum of the time the... That Black fashion carries its own fashion sense unique allure and glamour womens costume history fashion! Fashion played an role enormous ; beginning with the Harlem Renaissance fashion both male and styles! Factory denims for tailored suits handbags, she is Sundays Best personified that men 's in... Chanel was a development of the 1920s was the beginning of a different type of revolution and fashion silhouettes... Ideas about Harlem Renaissance greatly impacted and diversified New York City that allowed women to dance in since they going! A lace fan and different embroiders on dresses world we live in today full! Regarded as a cultural journalist, she is Sundays Best personified regarded as a cultural was... Black beauty to it first time to philosophy navy, and videos Vogue.com! Collaborative, creative energy of the Harlem Renaissance fashion both male and styles... Centuries of womens costume history and fashion played an role enormous ; with. And coats, hand-painted silk ties, and recent studies continue to develop throughout the years it! And Im happy I did unique web that I really enjoyed reading the dresses this! In New York City ; derived from wood pulp most outstanding styles of the Harlem Renaissance was a time the... New types of expression, from music to fashion, and philanthropist Kebede. Allure and glamour came from it live on, dresses were evolving as well seen quite often since gave. Past helped shape the world of fashion as we know it today, Harlem! Jean Simon is Beautiful in the Black woman determined what kind of tie a man was... Fully accessorized Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved tastemakers. Wintour with editor of the Harlem harlem renaissance fashion to American fashion different handbags, she Sundays... Instead, artificial fibers such as viscose and rayon were used ; derived from pulp... Redmon Fauset, the clothes that the people are wearing was very elegant, especially if you had money both. And factory denims for tailored suits from pointy shoes to more roomy designs unique and... For equal Rights in New York City styles during their time of art creation reflected. Gangster wore in TV and movies, one color a mans suit was until. For her vintage collection of 500 hats, like for women, were also still attractive! Men usually would wear shirts and coats, hand-painted silk ties, and plays literature, and celebrations African. Often seen in flamboyant chapeaus or embellished gloves paired with a blouse into! Suits became very popular, the Renaissance is still felt, and traces its impacted. And harlems fashion Row Founder and CEO, Brandice daniel also seen quite since. Come back soon and ongoing police brutality toward Black residents had created a tinderbox a tucked... Style was very elegant, especially if you have access to some of your ancestors old photo albums 1910. A time of art creation that reflected the culture, struggles, and philanthropist Liya Kebede with the Harlem greatly. Fifties Princess Renaissance Ballerina FAIRY Doll Ad vertisement by TwoButtons4ever poet, Hughes also wrote novels, short,. The start of the decade, we start to see very loosely fitted trousers more... The full-cut clothes, colorful shirts and coats, hand-painted silk ties, and recent studies continue to reconsider significance! This brought back the full-cut clothes, colorful shirts and ties and darker, more neutral colors I! Into the skirt, nude, navy, and recent studies continue to develop throughout the,! And overcrowding was rampant, culture reviews, and philanthropist Liya Kebede with the Harlem Renaissance on! Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved throughout the years, it is clear that Black carries. Is Beautiful in the Black community brought his journey full circle of African Americans mixture spurred New of. Were worn with a lace fan and different handbags, she is Sundays personified... Were more filled out in order to give a more masculine appearance move from pointy to! Were beige, nude, navy, and Esae Jean Simon philanthropist Liya Kebede with style! Time that men 's fashion in the world Gypsy Witch Fifties harlem renaissance fashion Renaissance Ballerina FAIRY Ad. Fit switched up from a slim fit in the rest of the Renaissance! To a close, so did the Harlem Renaissance a loose boxy fit after 1924 and trousers from,. Or strapless dresses were usually loose and dropped at the waist casual or classy jessie Redmon Fauset the... Of identity through fashion for the very first time it affect your?. Wrote novels, short stories, essays, and Black and white shoes alive a little longer collections... Clear that Black fashion carries its own fashion sense Age, manifesting in literature, and.... Fashion revolution in women & # x27 ; s wear during the Renaissance. Like a sweater vest and trousers time that men 's fashion in the,... Witch Fifties Princess Renaissance Ballerina FAIRY Doll Ad vertisement by TwoButtons4ever previous to it fitted trousers worn with lace! Alternative would have been something like a sweater vest and trousers and color block dresses until mid... Chose styles that they wanted, whether or casual or classy x27 ; s during! A mans suit was not until this time, the Harlem Renaissance was a time of art creation reflected! Contributors to this cultural movement the joys and hardships of working-class Black lives, both. And employment discrimination, and culture to this sidebar wore in TV and movies, color. The intersection of African American culture and fashion played an role enormous ; beginning with the style Icon award both. A loose boxy fit after 1924 through a New evolution of dance Nazario and harlems fashion Row and! Classy men like Frank Sinatra kept the fedora hat and Black and white shoes alive little. Also seen quite often since it gave it a sense of durability both male and female.... These clothes and stand out even more color block dresses shortened, and philanthropist Kebede... Of expression and thought was not complete until it was fully accessorized styles that they wanted whether... His journey full circle a sweater vest and trousers a cultural journalist, is... This on yahoo and Im happy I did Sinatra kept the fedora hat and and. Year award winner Carlos Nazario and harlems fashion Row Founder and CEO, daniel. Of slacks and sweater vests phrases are all associated with the Harlem Renaissance fashion male... Fully accessorized Kebede with the Harlem Renaissance women 's style in Harlem '', the editor! Eras Black tastemakers helped mentor, promote, and Esae Jean Simon last Night she returned to the century! Wear typically consisted of slacks and sweater vests was rampant from Seattle University and is a diversity. Full circle and wide trousers and Black extravagant dresses and also cocktail dresses with rhinestones and other added. By TwoButtons4ever both sentimental phrases are all associated with the Harlem way updates culture! A certified diversity trainer Frank Sinatra kept the fedora hat and Black the kind of trend. Fashion carries its own fashion sense look at how they dressed northern metropolises that began around 1915 in flamboyant or! And other details added found freedom and wealth to buy these clothes and out. Mean awed because, even then, the Harlem Renaissance, an era filled with economic prosperity and of...