[75] By April 1943, Sauckel had supplied 1,568,801 "voluntary" laborers, forced laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners to Speer for use in his armaments factories. "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Speer believed his greatest work, the one that would truly stand the test of time was the Zeppelinfeld in Nrnberg, which held up to 340,000 people, and the Cathedral of Lights he orchestrated for nighttime Nazi rallies with 130 anti-aircraft searchlights placed around it. On 23 May, two weeks after the surrender of German forces, British troops arrested the members of the Flensburg Government and brought Nazi Germany to a formal end. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." Speer's desperate mother called Speer . "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. [104] During a meeting with Speer on 28/29 March, Hitler rescinded the decree and gave him authority over demolitions. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. After serving. Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. Die Zelle. While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. Speer returned to London in 1981 to participate in the BBC Newsnight programme. Speer, imenovan tudi prvi arhitekt Tretjega rajha , je bil Hitlerjev glavni arhitekt v nacistini Nemiji, leta 1942 pa je v Hitlerjevem kabinetu postal minister za oboroitev. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. At the end of July 1942, a lack of fuel brought Paulus to a halt at Kalach. In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. Founded in 1999. Study now. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. He met Hitler and toured the damaged Chancellery before leaving Berlin to return to Hamburg. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. Inside the Third Reich: Directed by Marvin J. Chomsky. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. They're private residences. by. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother [147], Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. [60] Speer set out to gain control not just of armaments production in the army, but in the whole armed forces. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. [114], The chief United States prosecutor, Robert H. Jackson, of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "Speer joined in planning and executing the program to dragoon prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries, which waxed in output while the workers waned in starvation. Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. Thanks! [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi . . [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. Martin Kitchen, a British historian, says that the choice was not surprising. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. Before World War II, Speer helped propel the Nazi vision of grandeur and superiority. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." The relationship will always amaze. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. The book was a worn, thick burgundy paperback, spine splintered in three parts, tiny print . [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. Startseite; Cytologie. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. [163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. [74] In occupied areas of the Soviet Union, that had been subject to partisan action, civilian men and women were rounded up en masse and sent to work forcibly in Germany. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. Schmidt authored the first book that was highly critical of Speer. [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. Albert Speer. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. The Fhrer emerges as neither an incompetent nor a carpetgnawing madman but as an evil genius of warped concepts endowed with an ineffable personal magic. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. In the summer of 1942 Paulus advanced toward Stalingrad with 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7,000 guns and mortars, and 25,000 horses. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. First Architect of the Third Reich. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . I am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as I drove past. "[16] The historian Magnus Brechtken, discussing Speer, said he did not give anti-Jewish public speeches and that his anti-Semitism can best be understood through his actionswhich were anti-Semitic. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". All of the Germanic peoples will be included in it. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison. [1]:506,699701. I presumably had a sense of somber events. Want to Read. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. He spent the rest of his life attempting to enhance this image and erase any doubt that he did not participate or know about the Nazi atrocities. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. Little remains of his personal architectural work. . [105] Speer ended them, though the army continued to blow up bridges. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. Many more buildings were planned. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. I'd like to know more about his life; all I know is that he was inside Stalingrad's. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. First published in 1969, it appeared in English translation in 1970. sort by. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . 1971. happened. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. Speer liked the scenario so much that he wrote it into his memoirs. Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. 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