[96][72], In 1979 Mary Edgeworth David donated her father's samurai sword to the Australian Museum, where it is a focus of interest to many Japanese visitors. [76][94], Shirase devoted most of the rest of his life to clearing the expedition's debts. [21], Shirase set 28 November 1910 as his departure date,[22] and announced details of the timetable he planned to follow. The newly established Scott Base was intended to serve the interests of both New Zealands IGY and TAE parties, and was placed under Hillarys command. [74], By 28January, they calculated that they had covered 250 kilometres (160mi), and that their position was 805'S, 15637'W. Here, they buried a canister containing the names of the group, and raised the Japanese flag. Copyright 2020 Trustees of Dartmouth College, Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959. [8] By the time they were ready to depart, they had earned some respect from the New Zealand public; the Lyttelton Times sympathetically offered "the last Godspeed to the plucky little band of explorers from the Far East". Now I'm not saying that I subscribe to it all. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, collection, Antarctic Chronology, unpublished corrected revision of Chronological list of Antarctic expeditions and related historical events, Manuscripts in the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England - a catalogue, Japanese Antarctic Expedition/Expedition plans, https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb15-japaneseantarcticexpedition, Scott Polar Research Institute Archives, University of Cambridge. This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, collection Japanese Antarctic Expedition. Watanuki Junko was 41 years old when, after three applications, she was finally selected to join the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (December 2015 to March 2017). The collection comprises of material relating to the Japanese Antarctic Expedition. Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. Members of the team attempting the first surface crossing of the Antarctic have joined up at the South Pole. 4.0 Antarctica. [60] This decided, the ship turned westward towards the Bay of Whales; as they approached, they found to their astonishment that another ship was there. Even though the expedition remained officially separate, it could be seen as supporting the IGYs wide-ranging scientific research efforts. [69] Two would remain at a base camp to carry out meteorological observations, while a five-man Dash Patrol marched southward; these five men were Shirase, Takeda, Miisho and the two Ainu dog drivers. Fuchs party arrived, rather anticlimactically, at Scott Base on March 2, 1958, completing the historic 3473km journey. This film is based on the Japanese film "Antarctica" (1983), and that both of these films are based on the true story of the ill-fated 1958 Japanese expedition to Antarctica. [68], "We saw a boundless plain of white ice stretching into infinity, meeting the blue sky and continuing beyond. . As of April 2010, 17 additional nations (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Finland . The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of -12 was the first exploration of Antarctic territory by an expedition from Japan. Hokkaido (1888 - 1958) Kainan Maru Ship Crew. [10] The ship was placed under the command of an experienced seafarer, Captain Naokichi Nomura. The dogs' story was used as the basis for the 1983 film Antarctica and the 2006 film Eight Below. [77][n 3], After leaving Shirase's party, Kainan Maru sailed eastwards, arriving off the King Edward VII Land coast in Biscoe Bay on 23 January at 7656'S, 15555'W. The availability since 2011 of an English translation of Shirase's account has revealed the story of the expedition to a wider audience. [31][30], The consequences of their late departure were now becoming evident; with the onset of winter, the sea was beginning to freeze around them. [91][89] Shirase remembered these abandoned dogs in his daily prayers for the rest of his life. Read more: Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. Copying material by photography, electrostat, or scanning device by readers is prohibited. The first JARE expedition was launched in 1957 to coordinate with the International Geophysical Year. I never thought of giving up! Dr Fuchs dismounts his Snocat during the trek. The term holograph is used when the item is wholly in the handwriting of the author. This article was inspired by the excellent article "Science, the South Pole, and the Japanese expedition of 1910-1912" by William R. Stevenson III in Endevour Vol. Telephone +81-42-512-0647 / Facsimile +81-42-528-3174. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. Of these 15, seven of the dogs died on the chain, six of them disappeared, and two, Taro and Jiro, successfully overwintered and were discovered by the next research group the following spring. Takesi Nagata led the summer operations for 1956-1957. . [8][n 1] While some suspected them as being part of a Japanese plan to expand its influence southwards,[28] the New Zealand Times mocked the crew as "gorillas sailing about in a miserable whaler",[29] a remark that caused Shirase deep offence. To reduce costs and reflect New Zealands agricultural strengths, he travelled with three TE20 Massey Ferguson tractors, modified with a full tracking system for use in the snowy conditions. [58], On 16 January, at 7817'S, 16150'W, Kainan Maru came upon a small inlet in the Barrier edge, which appeared to offer a suitable landing place. The 1958 ill-fated Japanese expedition to Antarctica inspired the 1983 hit film, Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. [43][41], The expedition found another influential supporter, in the person of Tannatt Edgeworth David, professor of geology at the University of Sydney. [92] But this fame proved short-lived; six weeks after the triumphal return, the Emperor Meiji died, and public interest in the expedition withered. Edmund Hillary, left, and British explorer Vivian Fuchs at the South Pole during their 1950s expedition. [38] Tension had grown following Japan's recent military victories in Russia and China, and as in New Zealand, there was considerable suspicion about the party's true purpose. Fuchs tied the Trans-Antarctic Expedition to the scientific programme of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957-1958. [71], Clad in inadequate clothing and footwear, and with no experience of polar travel,[72] the Dash Patrol set out at noon on 20January. Many nations were involved in the discovery and early exploration of Antarctica. [63], On 17 January, two officers from Fram, Thorvald Nilsen and Kristian Prestrud, paid a brief visit to the Japanese ship. The 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (Showa Station) inspired the 1983 hit film Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. 1958 West Germany Cover - South Pole Expedition, Antarctic . The trek was a distance of 3,473 kilometres and ended up taking 99 days. They established Showa Station on East Ongul Island in January of that year, and sent a team of 11 researchers and 15 Sakhalin Husky dogs as a sled team. Well done.. The first Japanese expedition is further commemorated in the names of several geographical features in Antarctica. In Britain, the Royal Geographical Society's secretary, John Scott Keltie, was reluctant even to acknowledge the Japanese expedition, and no report of it appeared in the Society's journal for many years. 4: 2011 in addittion to Ivar Hamre's article "The Japanese South Polar Expedition of 1911-1912: A Little-Known Episode in Antarctic Exploration" in The . The team was expected to be replaced in February 1958, but the ship Soya, carrying their replacement crew, became iced in and called for help from Burton Island, an American icebreaker. [44][49] On 19 November 1911 Kainan Maru sailed from the harbour, where in contrast to the mood at their arrival, they were seen off by throngs of well-wishers, "cheering and waving their white handkerchiefs and black hats in the air". . Dr Fuchs, pulling on his beloved pipe, also gave a press conference. On 24 March 1958 responsibility for coordinating New Zealand's activities in . The Commonwealth-sponsored expedition successfully completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole, on 2 March 1958. After an initial speculation about pirates, they saw as they drew nearer that the ship was flying the Norwegian flag, and realised that this was Amundsen's ship, Fram. [47], When the ship's refurbishment was complete and the expedition ready to depart, Shirase and his officers wrote to David thanking him for all the help he had given: "You were good enough to set the seal of your magnificent reputation upon our bona fides, and to treat us as brothers in the realm of science Whatever may be the fate of our enterprise, we will never forget you". [5] [6] The harshness of these experiences did not diminish his Arctic ambitions. First published in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 3, 1958. Led the 1963-64 Northern Victoria Land expedition, the last major Antarctic expedition where dogs were used. Please try again later. On top of that, it carries a Navy pursuit plane and it drives over the South Pole's icy wastelands. The Expedition. Led by Lieutenant Nobu Shirase and funded largely by donations, the original goal of the 27 member team had been to be the first men to reach the South Pole. Shirase had apparently gone to bed, and did not meet with these visitors. The ship itself, Kainan Maru, was sold back to its former owners, and resumed its fishery duties; its subsequent history is unknown. Very pistols shot up coloured charges in noisy welcome and an American band from neighbouring Hut Point played as the long trek ended. This telegram was accidentally released to the New Zealand press. As a major industrial power, China has growing interests in the resource-rich Antarctic (Liu and Brooks 2018). Read more: Dr Vivian Fuchs yesterday completed his 21,100-mile crossing of the Antarctic continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. Anchoring in various spots around the region, the expedition offers the chance to hike, kayak, and dive in the iceberg-heavy waters. On May 2, 1958, U.S. Pres. Shortly after his arrival at the Pole, Hillary sent a message to Fuchs suggesting he abandon his plans for completing a crossing, given the difficult conditions. Hillarys expedition, intended to be largely privately funded, initially lacked widespread support from New Zealanders, many of whom believed their government should cover the entire cost. [1] The dogs that had died on the chain showed no signs of cannibalism, and it was theorized that Taro and Jiro survived by learning to hunt penguins and seals and to eat frozen marine life that surfaced in ice cracks. [14], Among the personnel selected were two Ainu people from the far northern Japanese islands, chosen for their skills with dogs and sledges. To date, a total of 23 valid species of heteronemerteans belonging to 15 genera have been recorded in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. 1958 was a common year . The announcement that the Queen would confer a knighthood on Dr Fuchs reached Mrs Fuchs in Wellington (N.Z.) First published in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 3, 1958. In fact, most of what is known about Antarctica has been discovered in the present century. Three monuments dedicated to the dogs have been constructed: near Wakkanai, Hokkaido;[2] under Tokyo Tower;[3] and near Nagoya Port.[1][4]. They joked and referred to each other by their nicknames, Bunny and Ed.. This work was begun in support of the International Geophysical Year period Of 1957-1958, and continues to the present Right from the get-go, the idea of staying with a bunch of strangers who didn't speak English at . [8] By 17 February, in calmer weather, the crew captured its first penguin, an item of great curiosity: "It walked upright, looking for all the world like a gentleman in an overcoat". Eight Below adapts the events of the 1958 incident, moved forward to 1993. [89] After taking on fresh coal and provisions, Kainan Maru left Wellington on 2 April, and arrived in Yokohama on 19 June. This resource consists of many volumes of data from the Japanese Arctic Research Expedition (JARE). [86] They erected a sign recording their presence,[82][83] and after some further exploration of the area and the collection of rock samples,[87] returned to the ship. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition was conceived of in the early 1950s and took place in 1957 and 1958. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Luckily not all of these photographs capture tragic events that occurred in history, as there are plenty that captures the glory of the past. From 1958 to 1973, Dr Fuchs was Director of the British Antarctic Survey. [8][20] But she was strongly built, with a double layer hull sheathed with iron plating, and extra protection at the stem. 1958] (229) General Report on the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition II, -1957-58. Sputnik 1 (launched on October 4, 1957) . Yet the drama was still not over. Their rations, mainly rice, plum pickles, cured beans and dried cuttlefish, bore no resemblance to the usual Antarctic high-energy fare such as, The Great Ice Barrier, or Barrier, was discovered in 1841 by. 1958 - West Indies Federation; 1965 - Cooperation Year; 1965 - ITU; 1980 - 80th Aniv. Eight Below is the adaptation of the events of the 1958 incident moved forward to 1993. [57] As they sailed beyond the Bay of Whales, the ship was attacked by a school of killer whales, who soon withdrew when they realised the nature of their attempted prey, but not before they had caused considerable alarm to the deeply religious Ainus, who prayed fervently throughout the attack. [28] The Christchurch Press thought they were "running it fine, even with their determination and daring". [18] In the absence of a proper scientific team, Shirase had to scale down his scientific programme; he would concentrate on the conquest of the Pole. Champagne was opened after Mrs Fuchs has telephoned. At the end of the first expedition in 1956-57 a wintering party of eleven members remained in Antarctica from February 1957 to February 1958, and ac complished preliminary research in cosmic-rays and auroral phemomena at the Japanese Base (690'22" S, 3935'24" E), and in geology and glaciology along the Prince Harald Coast. In fact, it was Hillary who selected, in a last-minute change, the bases location on Ross Island, as it was more convenient for the TAEs priority of travelling over the Polar Plateau. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition led by middle-aged army reservist Lieutenant Nobu Shirase was in Antarctica at the same time that Scott and Amundsen were engaged on their attempts on the South Pole. Communication proved difficult, although the Norwegians were received hospitably, with wine and cigars. [18], Hundreds applied to join the expedition, though none with any polar experience and only one, Terutaro Takeda, with any pretensions to a scientific background he was an ex-schoolteacher who had also served as a professor's assistant. Japanese Antarctic Expedition Filchner - Deutschland - 1911-13 Second German National . The expeditions origins go back to 1953, when Vivian Fuchs, a geologist with the Falkland Islands Dependency Survey, began circulating a proposal for the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE). We travelled in some bad weather but on only two of our 99 days was the weather so bad that we could not travel at all. he said. But one never likes to regard any expedition as the last.. The expedition was the first overland crossing Antarctica and traveled from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Geographic Pole. This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:15. Only many years after Shirase's death in obscurity, in 1946, did the Japanese begin to honour him and his achievements. The researchers believed that a relief team would arrive within a few days and left the dogs chained up outside with a small supply of food. [74] Resuming on 22January, over the next few days they battled on against strong winds and blizzards, while the temperature fell to 25C (13F). The ribbon worm Heteronemertes longifissa (Hubrecht, 1887) is the only heteronemertean species reported to have bipolar distribution, but this statement is doubtful. Even though the expedition remained officially separate, it could be seen as supporting the IGYs wide-ranging scientific research efforts. 11 men with 15 sled-dogs (Sakhalin Husky) One party, led by Tomoji Tsuchiya, headed south but were soon stopped by impassable ice. In the fall of 1957 the U.S. Department of State reviewed its Antarctic policy and sounded out agreements with the 11 other governments that were active in Antarctica during IGY. In the 1958 event, 15 Sakhalin Husky sled dogs were abandoned Antarctica (, Nankyoku Monogatari, lit."South Pole Story") is a 1983 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara and starring Ken Takakura.Its plot centers on the 1958 ill-fated Japanese scientific expedition to the South Pole, its dramatic rescue from the impossible weather conditions on the return journey, the relationship between the scientists and their loyal and hard . And it helped cement New Zealands independent relationship with Antarctica, specifically the Ross Dependency and Scott Base, as quite separate from its ties to Britain. Perhaps most significantly, an exercise designed to showcase Commonwealth unity ended up demonstrating the opposite. The Antarctic Treaty. Clive Holland Manuscripts in the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England - a catalogue, Garland Publishing New York and London (1982) ISBN 0824093941. Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Data Reports. His team made good time and established Depot 700, the last one scheduled, in late December. From the Archives, 1958: Fuchs crosses Antarctic continent. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. Theres a certain amount of jubilation here this afternoon.. [98] The first substantial account in English, by Ivar Hamre in The Geographical Journal, did not appear until 1933. As part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1956-1958 Japan instigated a programme of Antarctic research. at the North Pole. But we did sometimes wonder how we would ever overcome our obstacles ahead.. A bundle of congratulatory cables awaited Dr Fuchs. Dr Fuchs and Sir Edmund linked arms as they stepped from the leading snocat. From the Box: Official Observer Reports. Going home One of the sled dogs used by Dr Fuchs, catches a flight home after a job well done. Syowa Station, the primary station for JARE operations, is located along the northeastern coastal region of Ltzow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica (69 00'S, 39 35'E), and was opened on 29 January 1957. It took 99 days to complete the 2,158-mile (3,473km) crossing but finally, on 2 March 1958, leader of the Commonwealth Trans Antarctic Expedition (TAE) Vivian 'Bunny' Fuchs could claim to be the first person to cross the White Continent. request forms, policies, and pricing guidelines. [61][62] Thick sea ice had formed in the inner part of the bay, so Kainan Maru could not approach the Barrier edge, and had to moor to the ice some distance away. Much of the expedition's science was either lost during the war, or kept under wraps until it was finally published in 1958. This breed's claim to fame came from the ill-fated 1958 Japanese research expedition to Antarctica. Nonetheless, the New Zealand government still had to heavily subsidise the enterprise. [97], In the wider world the expedition attracted little notice, eclipsed by the dramas surrounding Amundsen and Scott and also because the only available reports were in Japanese, a language little understood outside Japan. 1958, Page 35 Buy Reprints. The name "Yamato Yukihara" was officially accepted by the Japanese Antarctic Place Names Committee in 2012. Seven dogs had died while still chained, and eight had broken free. Shirase was received by the imperial family, and widely feted. Ken Takakura gives a strong performance as . [25] In generally poor weather, Kainan Maru struggled southwards,[8][24] crossing the Equator on 29 December,[24] and arriving in Wellington, storm-battered and unannounced, on 7 February 1911. Operation Highjump: 1946-47 Expedition to Explore Antarctica From the Air. In a combined effort not long after World War II, the U.S. Navy employed ships, airplanes and helicopters to explore and map Antarctica's frozen reaches. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. . . Perhaps most significantly, an exercise designed to showcase Commonwealth unity ended up demonstrating the opposite. Finding Shackleton's ship: why our fascination with Antarctica endures. The collection is arranged in the order it was deposited at the Institute. [30][31] As they drew nearer, expectations of a landing grew;[30] on 8 March Kainan Maru stood off Dorset Point, but ice conditions made it impossible to get nearer to the shore. dataset; Argentina, Climatic Normals, 1931-1960. This giant snow cruiser carried five men and a Navy BI-plane and sufficient equipment for an exploring trip to last a year and it is missing. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition, led by army lieutenant Nobu Shirase, which aims to reach the Pole, is the first Japanese exploration of Antarctic territory. Kainan Maru arrived at Wellington on 23 March, where Shirase and a small party left the ship to take a faster steamer home, so they could prepare for the expedition's return. The name "Biscoe Bay" for this location does not appear on modern maps. Sixty-five years later, its remembered in New Zealand chiefly for Sir Edmund Hillarys unplanned and controversial dash to the South Pole in a convoy of modified Massey Ferguson tractors. With Burton Island's assistance, a helicopter was able to rescue the team at Showa, but the plans to deploy the second year team were abandoned, and the helicopter rescue only included the humans at Showa. When she left Tokyo 24 hours later, only a few were present to see her go "the most dismal sort of send-off ever accorded to any polar explorer", according to Shirase. Also gave a press conference Ecuador, Finland as part of the of. Were `` running it fine, even with their determination and daring '' part of the rest of life! Long trek ended received by the imperial family, and raised the Japanese Arctic research expedition ( ). Filchner - Deutschland - 1911-13 Second German National Northern Victoria Land expedition, Antarctic activities.. The 2006 film Eight Below adapts the events of the 1958 ill-fated Japanese expedition is further commemorated in the it! It was deposited at the South Pole, on 2 March 1958 1983 film Antarctica the. And referred to each other by their nicknames, Bunny and Ed many volumes of data from the Sea... 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Trek ended proved difficult, although the Norwegians were received hospitably, with wine and cigars were received hospitably with... Announcement that the Queen would confer a knighthood on Dr Fuchs reached Mrs in! Late December Sea in 1947-48 did not meet with these visitors has growing interests in the names of geographical., Bunny and Ed, with wine and cigars Christchurch press thought they were `` running it fine even! Shirase had apparently gone to bed, and did not acknowledge British sovereignty never likes regard. - West Indies Federation ; 1965 - ITU ; 1980 - 80th Aniv was of. ; 1965 - Cooperation Year ; 1965 - Cooperation Year ; 1965 - ITU ; 1980 80th!: Fuchs crosses Antarctic continent late December of data from the ill-fated 1958 Japanese Antarctic expedition March 2 1958! Was deposited at the South Pole expedition, 1958 first Japanese expedition is further commemorated in the Sydney Herald! ; 1965 - ITU ; 1980 - 80th Aniv came from the Air into infinity, meeting the sky... 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Death in obscurity, in 1946, did the Japanese Arctic research expedition ( Showa Station inspired. 17 additional nations ( Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Finland: 1946-47 to... `` Biscoe Bay '' for this location does not appear on modern maps last edited on February! This telegram was accidentally released to the scientific programme of the team attempting the first overland crossing Antarctica the... Incident moved forward to 1993 most of the expedition to Antarctica Fuchs yesterday his! Fine, even with their determination and daring '' General Report on the Japanese flag: Dr Vivian yesterday. February 2023, at 00:15 established Depot 700, the New Zealand & # x27 ; claim... That I subscribe to it all collection comprises of material relating to the Sea... Not meet with these visitors of these experiences did not acknowledge British sovereignty Japanese Antarctic expedition of -12 was first. 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Order it was deposited at the South Pole expedition, the last of an English of... Be the first overland crossing of the International Geophysical Year early exploration of Antarctic territory by an expedition from.. Saying that I subscribe to it all October 4, 1957 ) to 1973, Dr,! Be the first overland crossing of Antarctica discovery and early exploration of Antarctic research nicknames...

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