For the Chinese, the key to those outcomes is respect for an appropriate hierarchy, itself a means of control. The United States had maintained a fairly consistent foreign policy until Trump. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the Even now Chinas private consumption represents only about 39% of its GDPway below the U.S. level of 68% and the world average of 63%. Looking into the future, the path for China-U.S. cooperation will become more tortuous owing to the nationalist ideological struggle triggered by the coronavirus. The legislative branch of the government is responsible for making laws through the Congress and House of Representatives, both of which hold elected officials that create legislation for their constituents while the Judicial branch of the government is responsible for upholding and interpreting these laws through the highest court in the land Supreme Court and High Courts which tend to follow their own state law. For example, the British role in the Opium Wars of the 1840s kicked off a 100-year period that the Chinese still refer to as the Century of Humiliation. Trumps trade war was an abject failure. The Chinese premier less so. Not completely and not without very high costs. The pluralist theory denounces such centralization of power, especially in the hands of the rich or a small percentage reflecting the population, but it does support the idea of groups that control the government such as lobbying groups which are present in the country such as the NRA (OpenStax, 2020). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted. They still blame foreign interference for many of their misfortunes, even if it occurred more than a century ago. The resulting victory, which for decades the CCP spun as its solo vanquishing of an external enemy, was reinforced by defeat of an internal one (Chiang Kai-shek in 1949), establishing the legitimacy of the party and its authoritarian system. Additionally, before starting a business internationally, it is important to consider additional factors that the law systems of that country do not consider since failure to do so can result in loss of profit. Political discourse in China remains anchored in Marxist-Leninist ideas of struggle (douzheng) and contradiction (maodun)both seen as attributes that force a necessary and even healthy confrontation that can help achieve a victorious outcome. Thats why ordinary Chinese people see Chinese companies such as Alibaba, Huawei, and TikTok as sources of national prideinternational vanguards of Chinese successrather than simply sources of jobs or GDP, as they might be viewed in the West. Land use is the most direct manifestation of human activities, accompanied by changes in land cover. Despite the new Democratic government's support of domestic diversity, it continues hostile Trump-era policies intended to pressure China, Russia and others into conforming with the U.S.'s political demands. Many in the West accept the version of China that it has presented to the world: The period of reform and opening begun in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, which stressed the need to avoid the radical and often violent politics of the Cultural Revolution, means that ideology in China no longer matters. Hill, C. (2017). These similarities are real, but they are manifestations of the wealth and personal aspirations of Chinas newly affluent middle class, and they in no way negate the very real differences between the political systems of China and the West. Where can it move its production if the target market is China? Most ordinary people we meet dont feel that the authoritarian state is solely oppressive, although it can be that; for them it also provides opportunity. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. Ambition like that cant be realized without state interventionrelatively fast and easy but often brutal in China. In such a system innovation is limited since people do don feel motivated to come up with brilliant business ideas because undesirable laws keep on blocking them. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. They both have a presiding official, like a judge, plaintiffs, defendants, legal council etc. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. However, the beliefs and positions of political parties change over time, so . Sage. Americans focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get things done quickly. From the U.S. perspective, upholding the banner of freedom and democracy no longer matters. At every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party has been central to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape the Chinese people. Delivery in 6+ hours! The point is that a China-based supply chain has proved a blessing, not a curse, in this pandemic. Its GDP dropped 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020, but resumed growth from the second quarter onward. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. One thing hasnt changed, though: Many Western politicians and business executives still dont get China. A young student in Nanjing can study propulsion physics at Beijings Tsinghua University thanks to social mobility and the partys significant investment in scientific research. The policies that are discussed in the Legislative Branch on the government are also through the civic engagement process, where the representatives elected by the citizens seek to change the policy or create one to serve them (lumen, 2020). As the United States is considered a representative republic, citizen engagement is all the more important and starts with providing the citizens of the country, regardless of gender and over the age of 18, the right to vote for their communities in the form of local elections that can elect congresses that represent their towns and constituencies as well in the Presidential election for the various arms of the executive branch. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. China on the other hand practice totalitarianism and collectivism which is the opposite of democracy. Both countries have human rights issues, although in different forms. China, however, has been able to sustain and grow its economy as much as it practices a command economy. Are you seeing a significant shift in supply chains out of China? Would you like to get this essay by email? According to Hill (2017) "from time to time a nation will adopt a system that will merge collectivism and individualism alongside democracy". The President and the National Peoples Congress, which is the main body of the country, are all elected by the Peoples Congress. When U.S. power interests change, so does the ideological cover, the most typical being the liberal ideology having come to an end and the U.S. coming up with the notion of fair trade. Entry to the CCP and to a university involves compulsory courses in Marxist-Leninist thought, which has also become part of popular culture, as evidenced by the 2018 TV talk show Marx Got It Right. Chinas history continues to color its view of international relationsand in large part explains its current obsession with the inviolability of its sovereignty. This is a belief alien to many Western business executives, especially if theyve had experience with other authoritarian regimes. Springer. The basic structures of both legal system are extremely similar. . In other words, it's actually the U.S. that's an ideologically driven state and not China, unlike what the Western mainstream media has falsely claimed in recent years. One reason China can spend so much on infrastructure is that its defense budget, after years of increases, is still only about a quarter that of the United States. The executive branch of the government holds the highest position of head of state and the cabinet as well, which is appointed by the National Peoples Congress. But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. The well-being and economic development is another key branch of a political system that affects business operations (Solinger, 2016). The paper also highlighted citizen engagement in both countries, either through direct elections in the USA or through the CCP controlled nominations in China. All these testify to the strength of the Chinese economy. For companies that want to venture into international businesses, it is important to investigate the legal system of that country and how it can affect their day to day business in that nation. China vs. United States Government Definitions Administrative divisions : This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Now CEO of the Hong Kongbased $40 billion private-equity firm PAG, Shan spoke with HBR Editor in Chief Adi Ignatius about the economic prospects for China and the United States. Chinas rapid economic growth is the result of its embrace of a market economy and private enterprise. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. Accept that economic development in China will not inevitably lead to democracy; acknowledge that the Chinese regard their government as both legitimate and effective; and recognize that while Chinese consumers have short-term horizons, their rulers are focused on the countrys long-term security. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. Springer. Social Structure In China, the social structure is formal and hierarchical. For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. 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This paper analyzed the different political structures of both countries and highlighted the stark differences between a democratic state and a communist state, but the analysis also provided one similarity, which was the elitist government structure that existed in both political structures. This shared quest for predictability explains the continuing attractiveness of an authoritarian system in which control is the central tenet. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. However, as the world is constantly moving towards a market-based system, the country had to switch to this system that allowed it to increase economic and still maintain its communist status. The premier controls the civil bureaucracy, The party general secretary runs the economy. GM sells more cars in China than in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico combined. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. Time is money, in other words. Lobbying groups have more of an influence on the government of the United States than the citizens themselves, which creates the question if the US is more pluralist or elitist, and the matter of the fact is that the US is not really a representative republic but rather a pluralist oligarchy. This paper will compare two great countries the United States and China by looking in details how and why their legal and political systems differ, explain what determines the level of economic development in each country. This observation makes one wonder whether the Democrats are exploiting well-intended pro-diversity causes at home as part of a power struggle against Republicans. At 22,000 miles, it is twice as long as the rest of the worlds combined. Our own experiences on the ground in China confirm this. The Biden administration is expected to restore that policy and to work within the rules of international institutions, which I expect will defuse tensions. He believes Chinese people are fixated on. Its stated purpose was to reduce Americas trade deficit. Sorry, but it's not possible to copy the text due to security reasons. The U.S., on the other hand, is infamous for its self-deluded belief in so-called "American Exceptionalism," to which end it obsessively seeks to force all others to change their ways in order to replicate its own radically. China's Transition from Socialism? Many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievements have actually come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). This review discusses recent efforts to systematically compare three leading values in China's philosophical traditionsmeritocracy, hierarchy, and harmony . Then, in the 1990s, she took advantage of the new economic freedoms, becoming a 30-something entrepreneur in one of the new Special Economic Zones. Beijing ICP prepared NO.16065310-3, China vs. America: Political diversity vs. political conformity. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. This suggests some obvious hypocrisy on the part of the Biden administration and perhaps even a lack of sincerity with respect to the domestic causes that it supports. Dictatorship, Gun Control: Legal, Psychology and Political Viewpoint, Difference Between Criminal and Civil Court System. Not blaming China means indirectly acknowledging U.S. shortcomings, which could be explosive in U.S. partisan politics. That figure is higher than in all Western countries (for example, only 53% of U.S. individual investors trade this frequently); its also even higher than in neighboring Hong Konganother Han Chinese society with a predilection for gambling and a similar, capital-gains-tax-free regime. Each branch of the government plays an important role in providing for the countrys citizens by creating laws and policies that are meant to make the living standards of the citizens better and provide them with safety and rights. Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., & Akcal, A. Thats not likely, precisely because in Chinas particular brand of authoritarianism, control is key. Additionally, human development is also key for countries to realize full economic growth. There are several major differences: China's system is based on the governance of one political party only (China has 8 other parties that serve in a consultative role). Obviously, as an economy develops and new problems emerge, all social systems need certain reforms. The differences in the political orders of China and the United States are "irreconcilable", making it difficult to keep relations between the two countries on a stable track, a leading. The difference between the US and China is that the US is on the North American continent, whereas China lies in Asia. In contrast, the U.S. always does the inverse and never misses an opportunity to pressure others in increasingly creative ways. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. According to Nolan (2012) "as for the number of democrat countries, 123 of the 196 countries are exercising democracy as compared to only 69 countries in 1987" (p. 101). This is the logical extension of China-U.S. competition from the perspective of U.S. economic nationalism. What is the political difference between China and the USA? What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. A Chinese professor who has lived in both the US and China believes there is a core cultural difference leading to the country's diverging paths. This clear disconnect is attributable to the so-called "culture war" that's spiraled out of control over the past year and has led to profound changes in American society since then. The positions in this branch can be for either a five-year long term or even an unlimited amount of time. What's most ironic about this observation is that domestic American politics are nowadays focusing on the merits of diversity, yet its foreign policy is exclusively predicated on conformity. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . Shan: Despite initial blunders, China has handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing. Order original essay online with 25% off. The . In contrast, the governments discount rate on the future is lowerin part because of its Leninist emphasis on controland explicitly focused on long-term returns. Policy makers, in contrast, looking for ways to gain more control and sovereignty over the future, now play a much longer game than the West does. The truth, then, is that China is not an authoritarian state seeking to become more liberal but an authoritarian state seeking to become more successfulpolitically as well as economically. The geographic location of a country, its educational, political and legal systems plays a key role in the economic well-being of a country. Weijian Shan understands the delicate U.S.-China dynamic as well as anyone. Even though both countries are different in every way, they are still recognized as each others competition in the International Arena. Similarities and Differences: US vs. China There are both very strikingly similarities and differences compared with their American counterparts in regards to culture and institutions. The benefits are both financial (for example, access to mortgage loans) and social (permission to buy a ticket on one of the new high-speed trains). Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? The article reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of CGTN. It seems that the only country that can stifle Chinas growth is China itselfif it makes major policy mistakes. Under this view, whether or not other countries are free and democratic, or whether others deem the U.S. to be so, matters less than the economic benefits the U.S. deserves, including a favorable balance of trade and jobs. In this view, Trump wont necessarily lose if he fails to bring the pandemic under control; but if he fails to save the U.S. economy, his fate is sealed. Solve your problem differently! However, the long-term effects cannot be fully accessed at the moment. The Communist Party of China does not give the citizens any chance to question the existing and it has total control of everything going on in the state (Solinger, 2016). How accessible is it these days? Beijing expats want the "real China" They prefer Chinese language, history, and culture and avoid Western civilization. China is still in the process of building a social safety net that is largely undefined and underfunded, and it has no tax on personal capital gains. China is more corporatism, which is the organization of society by corporate groups such as military and agriculture, which can even be seen through its different selective assemblies and congresses. Which serves U.S. interests better, a free and democratic China, or an authoritarian China that identifies with U.S. leadership? Chinas GDP is forecast to grow 7% to 8% this year. The civil law system only allows the judge to make his or her judgment basing on the law and should not consider other factors surrounding the business. Much of Donald Trumps rhetoric and his actions on China were meant to deflect attention from his leadership failures at home, such as neglecting his duty to protect the public from the coronavirus. Considering that China adopted the system of the dynamic market much later than other nations, it has done remarkably well to have such a positive impact on its economy. If the U.S. abandons the one-China policy and supports Taiwans independence, conflict will be inevitable, with unimaginable consequences for the world market. On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. Its a plausible narrative. The reality is quite different. The political system of China has been operational since its establishment for 50 years. Does that create new investment opportunities? The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. The legislative branch is not only responsible for making laws but is also responsible for the hiring of important figures in central agencies such as the FBI, and it even has the authority to declare war. The Communist Party of China (CPC) harbors no supremacist beliefs and doesn't plan to export its governing model abroad. For much of its turbulent modern history, China has been under threat from foreign powers, both within Asia (notably Japan) and outside it (the UK and France in the mid 19th century). Today he is the CEO of PAG, a $40 billion private equity firm based in Hong Kong. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. You cant become a senior leader in China without having proved your worth as a manager. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. But the state-owned sector remains too big and inefficient. References Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. The collapse of the USSR appeared to validate that belief, given that the Soviet regimes inability to deliver meaningful economic growth for its citizens contributed to its collapse: Russias eventual integration into the global economy (perestroika) followed Mikhail Gorbachevs political reforms (glasnost). When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. What has caused the frequent conflicts between the two countries? It is a global leader in AI, biotech, and space exploration. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. Here and there, yes, but not in a meaningful way in general, and not without harm to itself. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. Between 1990 and 2009, investment from China to all of Latin America was about $7 billion. The United States and China are different in almost every way in their social norms, administrative policies, economic reforms, and the vastest difference in their political ideology. Unfortunately, you cant copy samples. Nobody can take America's newfound domestic support for diversity seriously until it finally starts applying the same principles abroad like China does. Nolan, P. (2012). This is the best approach for one to have and ensures that its partnerships remain everlasting. For individuals, whove lived through harsh times they could not control, the reaction is to make some key choices in a much more short-term way than Westerners do. The critical distinction is that the Chinese system is not only Marxist, its Marxist-Leninist. Empowered by Xi to deal with the corruption that had become so prevalent early in that decade, the commission can arrest and hold suspects for several months; its decisions cannot be overturned by any other entity in China, not even the supreme court. In other words, the U.S. position as hegemon doesnt necessarily bring it any economic benefits. For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. That, perhaps, is why its current president and (more crucially) party general secretary, Xi Jinping, has let it be known that he considers Gorbachev a traitor to the cause for liberalizing as he did, thereby destroying the Communist Partys hold on the USSR. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done . For example, over the past 15 years it has built the longest high-speed rail system in the world. While hierarchy and equality may appear to the post-Enlightenment West to be antithetical concepts, in China they remain inherently complementary. This plays out every time a Western company negotiates access to the Chinese market. Most significantly, the British have a democratic parliamentary government, headed by a monarch and prime minister. China has also defied predictions that its authoritarianism would inhibit its capacity to innovate. Some real differences between the two countries do exist, but they have historically managed them without escalating tensions. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. What are the dangers in Americas continued demonization of China? The U.S., on the other hand, is a federal constitutional republic with three governmental branches sharing powers. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. (b) The national average SP of CO2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. A nation that practice individualism and democracy is more likely to have an economic system that is market-based and this is more desirable since it allows businesses to produce what their products maximally thereby making desirable profits. Routledge. Our response? The Stages of Strategic Crime Analysis Report. The name of the game in China is scale. The pandemic has profoundly shaken the U.S. sense of superiority in values, culture and systems since the Enlightenment, and by extension the entire West. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. The Trump administration was determined to damage Chinas economy and businesses. In our work we have come to see that people in both business and politics often cling to three widely shared but essentially false assumptions about modern China. Hence the old joke that Chinas definition of a win-win scenario is one in which China wins twice. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. 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